Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been defined by the World Health Organization as “a persistent pattern of inattention or hyperactivity/impulsivity that has a negative impact on daily functioning”. ADHD relates to issues in passing information from neurone to neurone in the brain, which affects attention, motivation, restlessness, and impulsivity.
The National Institute of Health and Care Excellence say that it affects around 5% of children in the UK and 3–4% of UK adults. However, it should be noted that these figures don’t include those on waiting lists and in the process of being diagnosed. UCL research highlighted how diagnoses and prescriptions have increased significantly from 2000 to 2018. In absolute terms this increase was seen significantly in boys aged 10–16, with 1.4% in 2000 having a diagnosis rising to 3.5% in 2018. However, relatively, the largest increase in diagnoses was in men between the ages of 18–29 (0.01% to 0.56%). This increase in diagnoses and prescriptions could be due to the increased awareness of the neurodevelopmental disorder and new research emerging. Yet the figures highlight the significantly lower number of women and girls being diagnosed, which links to inequality in data sets when ADHD criteria was made. Despite society having increased awareness surrounding ADHD, issues still remain, as ADHD has a lifetime impact. Those with the disorder have an increased risk of loss of life and are overrepresented in justice systems as both perpetrators and victims. The disorder can’t be cured; however, there are ways to manage symptoms to improve daily functioning.
A mixture of modifications at work, peer support, talking therapies, and prescribed medication have proved to be beneficial. Medication may not be the right choice for everyone, yet it is seen as successful for eight out of ten people. ADHD medication works by helping aid the passing of messages along neurones in neurotransmission. Essentially, medication helps neurones “talk” to each other more efficiently.
Depending on the type of medication, this can mean speeding up or slowing down neurotransmission. Prescribers may fine-tune prescriptions, as these are dependent on the person; however, with the right medication for that person, this should result in more focus and ease in processing and learning. Just like many other medications, ADHD medication has lots of potential side effects, with the most common being decreased appetite and trouble sleeping. Consultation with doctors is recommended throughout this process to make sure you are seeking the right care.